Impact of Financial Leverage on Firm Value

Effect of Financial Leverage on Firm Value Presentation In the event that there is obligation in a companys capital, such an organization is named utilized or outfitted organization. An outfitting proportion shows the connection between fixed intrigue and value capital in the fund of a business Measured: Fixed Interest Capital OR Fixed Interest Capital Capital Employed Equity The money related switch is a standard in estimating the size of utilizing obligation in the organizations capital structure. One of the most significant issues in budgetary conversations is getting a mix of capital structure which has the most attractions for the financial specialists. The structure of capital is a necessary connection among obligation and the value that gives budgetary requirements to setting up the companys properties. Proclamation OF RESEARCH QUESTION There is a negative and huge connection between's monetary influence and firm. 1.There is a negative and huge connection between's monetary influence and income per share 2.There is a negative and huge connection between's monetary influence and value income proportion. 3.There is a negative and noteworthy relationship between's money related influence and comes back to value. 4.There is a negative and noteworthy relationship between's money related influence and working benefit. WHY INTERESTING The above exploration questions are fascinating as they will address the accompanying: Give answer on the effect of equipping on the organizations esteem; accommodate the contention regarding whether money related influence has relationship with gaining per share; the degree of connection between's monetary influence and value income proportion just as operational benefit. The inquiries will likewise try to feature the dangers related with influence. Connection to past exploration (Theoretical Framework) CAPITAL STRUCTURE THEORIES A companys capital structure shows all the wellsprings of account an organization is using to fund its tasks. Capital structure alludes to how an organization funds its tasks and it is typically comprised of: Common offer capital Inclination share capital Obligation capital. There are two fundamental hypotheses about the impact of changes in outfitting on the WACC and offer worth. There are: a.The customary view b.The net working pay approach For which a conduct legitimization was proposed by Franco Modigliani and Melton H. Mill operator (M) in 1958 (Gitman, 2006). Customary VIEW The customary view expresses that obligation capital is less expensive than value and that such an organization can expand its incentive by getting up to a sensible breaking point (the ideal degree of equipping). Bring Kw back Ke Kd P GEARING With the conventional hypothesis, the accompanying suspicions hold influence: Â 1.The expense of obligation will stay consistent until a critical point is arrived at when it would begin to rise. 2.The WACC will fill promptly an outside wellspring of money is presented and will bring from that point as the degree of equipping increments. 3.The companys showcase esteem and the market esteem per offer will be expanded where WACC is at the absolute bottom. M-MS SUPPORT OF THE OPERATING INCOME APPROACH The first regulating hypothesis of organization valuation and capital structure was advanced in type of a social defense of the Net Operating Income Approach by Franco Modigliani and Melton H. Mill operator (M-M) in 1958 (Gitman, 2006). To welcome the suggestions by M-M, it will be smarter to comprehend the M-M suppositions which are expressed beneath. From these presumptions, M-M set out their three suggestions. Suggestion I This expresses an organization can't change the absolute estimation of its protections just by parting its income into various streams; the companys esteem is dictated by its genuine resources, not by the protections it issues. In this manner, capital structure is superfluous if the companys venture choices are taken as given. Suggestion II The normal pace of profit for the value of an outfitted organization increments in recommendation to the obligation value proportion (obligation/value), communicated in showcase esteems; the pace of increment relies upon the spread between the normal pace of profit for an arrangement of all the companys protections, and the normal profit for the obligation. Recommendation III This gives a standard to ideal speculation strategy by the organization: The cut off point for interest in the organization will in all cases be the WACC and will be totally unaffected by the sorts of security used to fund the venture. Subsequently, if the initial two recommendations hold, the slice off rate used to assess speculations won't be influenced by the sort of subsidizing used to fund them, whatever might be the capital structure. The addition from utilizing obligation (at lower cost) is balanced by the expanded expense of value (because of expanded hazard) and WACC hence stays unaltered. Proposed techniques Explanation OF METHOD Auxiliary information from money related database will be utilized. To decide the effect of influence on the estimation of firm, an exhaustive report will be taken on every element in the incorporated chain. My decision of the above information assortment technique laid on their legitimacy and exploration question. I additionally believe them to be less exorbitant corresponding to other people. The investigation will attempt to coordinate different scholarly writings and look at the effect of budgetary influence on the estimation of firms. Accordingly, I will acquire uneven board including 25 organizations recorded on the Nigerian Stock Exchange for the period extending from 2001-2010 with significant data in the course of the most recent years. These organizations and their distributed records will be utilized to decide the variable that will be expressed. Decision OF THEORY There are two fundamental speculations about the effect of budgetary influence on firms esteem; the conventional hypothesis and the Modigliani Millers hypothesis. I will put together my investigation with respect to the hypothesis which appear to be progressively practical with observational actuality. CAPITAL STRUCTURE In the scholastic writing, there two potential indictors of capital structure, to be specific, obligation value proportion, characterized as all out obligation isolated by book estimation of basic value, and a proportion of obligation complete resources. In this examination, the proportion of obligation to regular value will be utilized. This will be progressively valuable to clarify the decision of a capital structure when contrasted with the proportion of obligation to add up to resources. This variable will be signified as CS in our examination. Information COLLECTION The assortment instruments for the exploration venture incorporates: Financial occasions measurable information from Nigerian Stock Exchange, Augusto rating on obligation Equity Companies, Financial Index Journal. Others apparatus incorporate the companys yearly reports and record, the web, monetary paper especially, Thisday, Institute of Chartered Accountants of Nigeria (ICAN) diaries, Financial Standard, Business Times and some other remote diary counseled at different library. The testing strategy to be utilized is relapse and connection investigation with the chi-square X2 circulation, which permits examinations of a real watched dispersion with a guessed or anticipated appropriation. This technique is regularly alluded to as an integrity of fit test. Test FRAME The auxiliary information above will be utilized notwithstanding the fiscal summary and Accounts of chosen organizations: Nigerian Breweries Plc, Pharma Deko Plc and Evans Medicals Plc. The aftereffect of the examination will be dissected and tried. The firm size will be dictated by its log of deals as distributed in their budget summaries. Firms turnover as a level of capital utilized will be utilized in our model. It is regularly contended that exhibition is an element of firm size and on the off chance that we are to make a relapse model with execution as reaction variable, it is essential to fuse firm measure in our model. Firm size might be emphatically or adversely identified with influence. Odeleye (2014) approach with the possibility that huge firms may practice economies of scale, have better information on business sectors and can utilize better administration work force. Firm size additionally quantifies an organizations showcase force or level of focus inside the business. Reflections Money: The execution of this venture required considerable monetary expense. The sourcing and assembling of information, paying working visit to firm, directing enquiry to the tasks of the organization and bundling accessible data into intelligent venture, required financing. Time: It takes some effort to lead request, examination just as assemble, order investigation and deciphers information and afterward composes them into an exploration work. The specialist worked under serious requirements of time as there was a cutoff time for the accommodation of the venture. Demeanor of the Practitioner: Although some data was promptly given by staff of the association, a couple of other important ones were considered as classified and exhausting endeavors must be made to gather a portion of the data that were viewed as secret. Through and through, the constraints were so extreme as to vitiate the exploration result, all the more particularly on the grounds that the scientist figured out how to defeat the impediment. Truly, just some chose utilized organizations in assembling exercises as a possibility for development improvement of market are incorporated to limit the costs. Another restriction is that not all utilized organizations end up being effective comparable to advertise esteems; this examination doesn't cover those organizations. I got all the vital data I required for experimental examination considering the propelled idea of the monetary announcing of the organizations under audit which jumbles to worldwide norm? The money related guideline in Nigeria probably won't be in the know regarding admiration to accommodation of budget report. The social occasion of information from a portion of the companys division required some installment. This costs which was planned for established a test, yet there was a chance of missing a few information which isn't found on the budget summary of the organizations. This investigation was done with an example of firms recorded on the Nigeria Stock Exchange. The primary observational snag will

How to Decide Between the IELTS or TOEFL Exams

The most effective method to Decide Between the IELTS or TOEFL Exams Congrats! You are currently prepared to take a significant globally perceived test so as to demonstrate your authority of the English language. The main issue is that there are various tests to browse! Two of the most significant tests are the TOEFL and the IELTS. Frequently it is the understudies decision with respect to which one they need to take since the two tests are acknowledged as meeting the passage prerequisites for scholastic settings. Notwithstanding, at times, the IELTS is mentioned for visa purposes to Canadian or Australian migration. On the off chance that this isn't the situation, you have considerably more to browse and might need to survey this manual for picking an Engish test before you settle on the IELTS or TOEFL. Choosing Which One to Take Here are a few focuses to think about before you conclude whether to take the IELTS or the TOEFL test. These inquiries are significant on the grounds that the IELTS test is kept up by the University of Cambridge, though the TOEFL test is given by ETS, a US organization situated in New Jersey. The two tests are additionally unique in how the test is regulated. Observe your answers: Do you need the IELTS or the TOEFL for scholarly English? In the event that you need the IELTS or TOEFL for scholarly English, at that point continue responding to these inquiries. In the event that you dont need the IELTS or TOEFL for scholarly English, for instance for migration, take the general adaptation of the IELTS. It is a lot simpler than either the IELTS scholarly form or the TOEFL!Are you progressively OK with North American or British/UK inflections? In the event that you have more involvement in British English (or Australian English), accept the IELTS as jargon and accents tend more towards British English. On the off chance that you watch a ton of Hollywood motion pictures and like US informal language, pick the TOEFL as it reflects American English.Do you feel increasingly good with a wide scope of North American jargon and colloquial articulations or British English jargon and colloquial articulations? Same answer as above! IELTS for British English TOEFL for America n English.Can you type generally quick? As you will peruse beneath in the area on key contrasts between the IELTS or TOEFL, the TOEFL necessitates that you type your articles in the composed segment of the test. In the event that you type gradually, we would unequivocally suggest accepting the IELTS as you handwrite your paper reactions. Would you like to complete the test as fast as could be expected under the circumstances? In the event that you become very apprehensive during a test and need the experience to end as fast as posable, the decision between IELTS or TOEFL is simpler. The TOEFL keeps going around four hours, though the IELTS is altogether shorter - around 2 hours 45 minutes. Keep in mind, nonetheless, that shorter doesn't really mean easier!Do you feel good with a wide scope of inquiry types? The TOEFL test is comprised of primarily numerous decision questions. The IELTS, then again, has an a lot more extensive scope of inquiry types including various decision, hole fill, coordinating activities, and so on. On the off chance that you don't feel great with numerous decision questions, the TOEFL isn't the test for you.Are you capable at taking notes? Note taking is significant on both the IELTS and the TOEFL. Be that as it may, it is considerably more basic on the TOEFL test. As you will peruse underneat h, the listening area, specifically, relies upon note-accepting aptitudes in the TOEFL as you answer inquiries after you have tuned in to a more extended choice. The IELTS poses you to answer inquiries as you tune in to the test. Significant Differences Reading:TOEFL - You will have 3 to 5 perusing choices of twenty minutes each. Perusing materials are scholarly in nature. Questions are various choice.IELTS - 3 perusing determinations of twenty minutes each. Materials are, as on account of the TOEFL, identified with a scholarly setting. There are various sort questions (hole fill, coordinating, etc.)Listening:TOEFL - The listening choice totally different from the IELTS. In the TOEFL, you will have 40 to an hour worth of listening choices from talks or grounds discussions. Take notes and react to various decision questions.IELTS - The biggest contrast between the two tests is in tuning in. In the IELTS test, there are a more extensive assortment of inquiry types, just as activities of varying lengths. You will respond to inquiries as you travel through the listening determination of the test.Writing:TOEFL - Two composed undertakings are required on the TOEFL and all composing is done on the PC. Undertaking one includes composing a f ive-section paper of 300 to 350 words. Note taking is significant as the subsequent assignment requests that you take notes from a perusing determination in a course book and afterward a talk on a similar theme. You are then approached to react utilizing notes by composing a 150-to 225-word choice coordinating both the perusing and listening selection.IELTS - The IELTS additionally has two errands: the initial a short paper of 200 to 250 words. The second IELTS composing task requests that you take a gander at an infographic, for example, a diagram or outline and sum up the data introduced. Speaking:TOEFL - Once again the talking area contrasts enormously between the TOEFL and the IELTS tests. On the TOEFL you are approached to record reactions on the PC of 45 to 60 seconds to six distinct inquiries dependent on short depictions/discussions. The talking segment of the test endures 20 minutes.IELTS - The IELTS talking segment keeps going from 12 to 14 minutes and happens with an analyst, instead of a PC as on the TOEFL. There is a short warm-up practice comprising for the most part of casual chitchat, trailed by a reaction to a visual boost and, at last, an increasingly expanded conversation on a related point.

Home Computer Network :: essays research papers

Have you at any point expected to have more than one home PC for you and your family? Do you have at least two PCs, however need to duplicate as well as offer documents or potentially programs between them, yet you don’t know how? Do the entirety of your PCs need Internet get to, however you don’t need to have a telephone line introduced for every one of them? Indeed, you can do the entirety of this. I know, since this is the thing that I did at my home. In the wake of doing research I found that there are a few preferences for having your own Home Computer Network. Following, are a few motivations to do this in your home. In the first place, by having an in-home PC arrange, and a record server, you can have a focal area for putting away the entirety of your data. In this way, on the off chance that you need more than one PC to get to certain data, for example, textual styles, money related records, games, and so forth., you can do this through the system. This additionally kills the requirement for replicating records to floppy diskettes, hand-conveying them to different PCs, and duplicating the documents each floppy in turn to every, individual PC. This would be a moderate procedure, contrasted with a quick system speed. Also, on the off chance that one PC on your system crashes, you can move to another PC and proceed with your work. Along these lines, in the event that you utilize your system and record server adequately, you can have a high level of dependability, security, and productivity. Second, an in-home PC system can permit you to have just a single Internet association while giving Internet access to all PCs on your system. This is significant on the off chance that you just have one telephone line. If you somehow happened to include an extra telephone line for every PC you needed to be associated with the Internet, well, let’s simply state this would be an expensive other option. By utilizing your document server on your system, as a PROXY server, you can simply utilize one telephone line to interface with the Internet. You should simply introduce a little PROXY program that says, â€Å"I am the Internet association for this system. Everyone point their Internet perusing at me!† It’s actually that straightforward. By doing this, it tricks different PCs on your system into feeling that the document server IS the Internet. Notwithstanding being associated through one telephone line, and one PC, your record server can have what is known as a â €Å"Firewall.† This takes out outside interlopers from attacking your system.

Rapid Freight Network Solution Term Paper - 1100 Words

Rapid Freight Network Solution (Term Paper Sample) Content: Rapid Freight network solutionStudentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s nameInstitutional affiliationIntroductionWith Rapid Freight experiencing technological network problems as a result of expansion and rapid growth, there is need to come up with a solution to help the company remain competitive. In this paper, I will identify five major requirements, analyze them and propose a solution to help the company come up with a converged network solution. Moreover, I will explain how the suggested solution as a whole meets the identified needs of Rapid Freight.RequirementsThe first requirement for Rapid Freight is to offer increased bandwidth between the main data center and all its 47 offices in the United States. To achieve this, the company will need to upgrade its current network to Gigabit Ethernet. This will help improve the overall internet access speed. Compared to the current web-based technology used by the company, Gigabit Ethernet offers increased bandwidth resulting in superior per formance and elimination of bottlenecks. Moreover, Gigabit Ethernet brings about full-duplex capacity that increases the effective bandwidth, low ownership and acquisition costs and the ability to transfer large volumes of data across a network quickly and efficiently (Pacchiano, 2006).Gigabit Ethernet also provides high-bandwidth file sharing as well as increasing the productivity of employees by speeding the process of accessing databases and messaging applications. Additionally, the proposed Gigabit Ethernet is compatible to the existing network therefore eliminating the need to make new wiring. It also leverages networking standards in order to achieve increased efficiency from a network and also adds network management so as to centrally manage large network environments (Pacchiano, 2006).The second requirement for Rapid Freight is to ensure that there is self-coordination in the 4-8 locations in the three metropolitan areas of Los Angeles, Chicago and Baltimore. In order to a chieve this goal, the company can implement WIMAX 802.16a technologies. This is important because it would bring about high speed communication between offices in the same metropolitan. WIMAX 802.16a has a data transmission rate of up to 70 Mbs (megabits per second) for 30 miles (FRC Corp.). According to Rapid Freight Company, the WIMAX 802.16a standard for 2-11 GHz is a wireless metropolitan area network technology that will offer broadband wireless connectivity to portable, in transit, fixed and nomadic devices (White, 2011). Other than being the perfect technology for metropolitan area networks, WIMAX basically makes it possible for users to get broadband connectivity without necessitating a direct line of sight with the base station. Additionally, it offers total data rates of up to 280 Mbs per base station. This bandwidth is enough to support many businesses with T1/E1-type of connectivity and numerous homes with DSL-type connectivity with one base station simultaneously. Regar ding connecting the three metropolitans of Baltimore, Chicago and Los Angeles, the company can implement a satellite microwave connection (FRC Corp.). The main reason why this type of connection is appropriate is because of the large distance between the three cities, hence the inefficiency of laying ground cables to connect the three metropolitans. Satellite microwave signals move from a ground station on the ground to a satellite and then back to another ground station therefore attaining greater distances (White, 2011).The other requirement for Rapid freight is the need to have a safe and reliable network to put up with the expected growth and any other eventuality. This particular requirement is met by effecting satellite microwave, Gigabit Ethernet and WIMAX technologies as mentioned above. For example, using WIMAX 802.16 creates a capacity scalable system that makes it easy to add new sectors as well as offering a flexible channel bandwidth (FRC Corp.). This means that even if the company makes new acquisitions in the future, it will not be required to buy new software and hardware, or require a new wireless technology. If the company makes new acquisitions, the acquired network only needs to be added to the WIMAX network already in existence in the metropolitan area, after which the satellite microwave that is already in existence will connect that particular metropolitan to the national network of the company.The fourth requirement for Rapid Freight involves a company that does not want to spend more on telephone than it already spends. With this in mind, the main goal is to upgrade the existing services while at the same time guarding against escalating costs from the current ISDN service provider. For telephone services, the company can shift to VoIP telephony services. Voice over the internet protocol (VoIP) involves making telephone calls over the internet. Based on the fact that Rapid Freight will have a fully operational internet network in place , there is no need to buy new telephone hardware. The company can use its existing internet infrastructure to make phone calls therefore lowering its monthly telephone bill. According to data released by the telecommunication industry, it is estimated that business entities cut down th... Rapid Freight Network Solution Term Paper - 1100 Words Rapid Freight Network Solution (Term Paper Sample) Content: Rapid Freight network solutionStudentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s nameInstitutional affiliationIntroductionWith Rapid Freight experiencing technological network problems as a result of expansion and rapid growth, there is need to come up with a solution to help the company remain competitive. In this paper, I will identify five major requirements, analyze them and propose a solution to help the company come up with a converged network solution. Moreover, I will explain how the suggested solution as a whole meets the identified needs of Rapid Freight.RequirementsThe first requirement for Rapid Freight is to offer increased bandwidth between the main data center and all its 47 offices in the United States. To achieve this, the company will need to upgrade its current network to Gigabit Ethernet. This will help improve the overall internet access speed. Compared to the current web-based technology used by the company, Gigabit Ethernet offers increased bandwidth resulting in superior per formance and elimination of bottlenecks. Moreover, Gigabit Ethernet brings about full-duplex capacity that increases the effective bandwidth, low ownership and acquisition costs and the ability to transfer large volumes of data across a network quickly and efficiently (Pacchiano, 2006).Gigabit Ethernet also provides high-bandwidth file sharing as well as increasing the productivity of employees by speeding the process of accessing databases and messaging applications. Additionally, the proposed Gigabit Ethernet is compatible to the existing network therefore eliminating the need to make new wiring. It also leverages networking standards in order to achieve increased efficiency from a network and also adds network management so as to centrally manage large network environments (Pacchiano, 2006).The second requirement for Rapid Freight is to ensure that there is self-coordination in the 4-8 locations in the three metropolitan areas of Los Angeles, Chicago and Baltimore. In order to a chieve this goal, the company can implement WIMAX 802.16a technologies. This is important because it would bring about high speed communication between offices in the same metropolitan. WIMAX 802.16a has a data transmission rate of up to 70 Mbs (megabits per second) for 30 miles (FRC Corp.). According to Rapid Freight Company, the WIMAX 802.16a standard for 2-11 GHz is a wireless metropolitan area network technology that will offer broadband wireless connectivity to portable, in transit, fixed and nomadic devices (White, 2011). Other than being the perfect technology for metropolitan area networks, WIMAX basically makes it possible for users to get broadband connectivity without necessitating a direct line of sight with the base station. Additionally, it offers total data rates of up to 280 Mbs per base station. This bandwidth is enough to support many businesses with T1/E1-type of connectivity and numerous homes with DSL-type connectivity with one base station simultaneously. Regar ding connecting the three metropolitans of Baltimore, Chicago and Los Angeles, the company can implement a satellite microwave connection (FRC Corp.). The main reason why this type of connection is appropriate is because of the large distance between the three cities, hence the inefficiency of laying ground cables to connect the three metropolitans. Satellite microwave signals move from a ground station on the ground to a satellite and then back to another ground station therefore attaining greater distances (White, 2011).The other requirement for Rapid freight is the need to have a safe and reliable network to put up with the expected growth and any other eventuality. This particular requirement is met by effecting satellite microwave, Gigabit Ethernet and WIMAX technologies as mentioned above. For example, using WIMAX 802.16 creates a capacity scalable system that makes it easy to add new sectors as well as offering a flexible channel bandwidth (FRC Corp.). This means that even if the company makes new acquisitions in the future, it will not be required to buy new software and hardware, or require a new wireless technology. If the company makes new acquisitions, the acquired network only needs to be added to the WIMAX network already in existence in the metropolitan area, after which the satellite microwave that is already in existence will connect that particular metropolitan to the national network of the company.The fourth requirement for Rapid Freight involves a company that does not want to spend more on telephone than it already spends. With this in mind, the main goal is to upgrade the existing services while at the same time guarding against escalating costs from the current ISDN service provider. For telephone services, the company can shift to VoIP telephony services. Voice over the internet protocol (VoIP) involves making telephone calls over the internet. Based on the fact that Rapid Freight will have a fully operational internet network in place , there is no need to buy new telephone hardware. The company can use its existing internet infrastructure to make phone calls therefore lowering its monthly telephone bill. According to data released by the telecommunication industry, it is estimated that business entities cut down th...

How Tattoos Are Viewed - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 931 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2019/04/26 Category Culture Essay Level High school Tags: Tattoo Essay Did you like this example? With the months going by, more teenagers are turning 18, legally able to get a tattoo, and with the popularity of tattoos rising, more and more teenagers are wanting to get one. While some get tattoos for independence, others do it for the meaning that that their tattoo holds for them. But not every 18-year-old, or adult, is able to get a tattoo be it because of religion, employment regulations, or because some are afraid of the discrimination they could face. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "How Tattoos Are Viewed?" essay for you Create order Even though we are in a new age, the stereotype of tattooed people is still prevalent and is discouraging for some people. Are people who have, or want to have tattoos, discriminated against? Finally, you turn 18 and can now legally get a tattoo but the stereotypes about dirty needles is off-putting and the stereotype that tattoos are a domain for bikers, sailors, and inmates (Kaiyala para. 6). With that being said, many people, of all ages, enjoy their tattoos. Roughly 16 percent of all U.S adults have at least one tattoo with the highest number, 36 percent, of tattooed adults being 25 to 29 years of age (Kaiyala para. 6). As tattoos rise, so does the industry and one of the main concerns for both clients and artists are infections and diseases. The biggest concern is HIV for the use of needles but the biggest threat is hepatitis. Hepatitis can be transmitted through little more than a scratch with an infected needle. To combat this and any other infectious bloodborne pathogen, artists autoclave their single-service equipment (Alliance para. 3). So, while people worry about infections, all the artists equipment should be single service means that each needle and tube set is individually packaged, dated and sealed and autoclaved. An autoclave is the only acceptable means of equipment sterilization in the tattoo shop. It is a machine that uses a combination of heat, steam and pressure to kill all pathogenic microorganisms known to man (Alliance para. 8 and 9). Overall, the process of getting a tattoo is safe and people should not have a reason to worry other than choosing a design that they will be comfortable for the rest of their lives. Although only 16% of U.S adults are tattooed, it was estimated that in 1900, around 90% of American sailors were tattooed (Military Tradition para. 12). Not only did they have random tattoos but they had meaningful tattoos dictating where they sailed. Sailors with a tattoo of an anchor proved that they had sailed the Atlantic Ocean. A full-rigged ship meant he shipped around Cape Horn. A Shellback Turtle indicated the sailor crossed the equator, and a dragon meant he served on a station in or near China. Hold tattooed on the knuckles of one hand and fast on the other were said to allow the bearer to grip the rigging better. Tattoos of a pig on one foot and a rooster on the other were said to protect a seaman from drowning. It was thought since both creatures avoid the water at any chance, they would help get the sailor swiftly to shore if he fell overboard (Military Tradition para. 13). And for some, it was a meaning of what they were and what they did (Military Tradition para. 13). Although the military banned tattoos with obscene imagery, tattoos in general do not prohibit you from joining as you only need the ASVAB and a physical (Military Tradition para. 24). Even though men and women are viewed as equals in this age, Deborah Connor found discrimination when she was terminated for having a heart tattoo which, to her employer, because the company was concerned that the customers would see her and would react because a tattooed woman is seen as a prostitute, on drugs, or from a broken home ( Pechman para. 8). The same company did not require a male employee to cover up his navy tattoo, and she found it insulting and then sued the company (Pechman para. 8). With the growing rise of television and social media. More and more celebrities are getting tattoos and their influence influences many teens to get tattoos of their own or even the same tattoo. Besides the influence, some teens find tattoos as a way to woo their partner as a romantic gesture (Religion forbids tattoos para. 4). The only problem would be if the couple were to separate and the partner would have to spend their life with the image of their ex. Either that or spend time, money, and pain to get it removed and even then, it sometimes leaves a scar. Some teens however, view tattoos as a work of art, and also a way to declare their independence (Religion forbids tattoos para. 5). For many, they cannot wait to turn 18 sorely because of that reason alone. For some, they get it because it is whats trending at the moment. But the art of tattooing is not an old practice by any means as Egyptian and Libyan mummies have been found with tattoos that date back before the time of Chri st (Religions forbid tattoos para.7). Ironically as the first tattoos were uncovered, it was a picture rather than an abstract pattern, it was the picture of the Egyptian god, Bes. While the Mosiac Law forbade their followers to have tattoos and by that way, the Israelites stood out from different nations (Religions forbid tattoos para. 8). While Christians today are not under the Law of Moses, the prohibition it laid on tattooing is sobering (Ephesians 2:15; Colossians 2:14, 15). If you are a Christian, you would certainly not want to make markings on your body†even temporarily†that smack of paganism or false worship. †2 Corinthians 6:15-18 (Religions forbid tattoos para. 8).

Unionization Of Home Based Workers - 1469 Words

RE: FORCED UNIONIZATION OF HOME-BASED WORKERS TO: Dr. Gina Fromang FROM: Samuel J. DeRocco IV DATE: 4/06/2014 ISSUE: Is it constitutional for the government to force unionization on home-based workers? ANSWER: Yes FACTS: On-union home-care personal assistants, who provided in-home care to disabled individuals through Medicaid-waiver programs run by the Illinois Department of Human Services, brought action against Governor in his official capacity, and three unions, challenging mandatory fair share fees paid to union. ANALYSIS: What is a Home-Based Worker? The initial question one must ask himself or herself when looking into this very broad issue of law is what constitutes a â€Å"home-based worker†. A home-based worker must be defined if it is to be governed under specific unionization rules and regulations. The International Labour Organization, a United Nations agency designed for creating and overseeing labor standards internationally, defines a home-based worker as â€Å"any person working from his or her home or from other premises of their choosing other than the workplace, for payment, which results of a product or service specified by the employer.† Basically, any job that does not have a specifically defined office where a specific type of work is conducted is considered home-based. Examples of home-based workers include: personal home assistants, website designers, and even in-house legal counsels. Home-based workers differ from entrepreneurs in that they do not operateShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Upton Sincla ir s The Flivver King 1413 Words   |  6 Pages(no socialism or unionization) they had been committing. Based upon his book, Upton Sinclair would have had many answers why there was no socialism or unionization in the United States. His first answer would be corporate corruption. Big enterprises at this time only cared about their own profits not the well-being of the â€Å"working man.† Unionization meant that workers were going to fight for better benefits, wages, and hours. Large enterprises were countering this by hiring workers for cheaper whoRead MoreEssay on The Pros and Cons of Unions1436 Words   |  6 PagesIs it in the workers’ best interest to unionize? As part of their retention and benefit plan, many companies offer stock options. Do stock option plans for unionized companies perform better than for non-unionized companies? This question will be answered by a study authored by representatives of Rutgers University and New York Institute of Technology. Do the proposed union rules by The National Labor Relations Board and the Department of Labor help workers and support job creation? 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The collective voice of workers in a union holds much more power than any single employee’s voice. It can loudly draw attention to mistreatment or abuse of workers. The organized collective voice of workers demands to be treated in a fair way by its management in terms of

History of Computers free essay sample

The abacus was an early aid for mathematical computations. Its only value is that it aids the memory of the human performing the calculation. A skilled abacus operator can work on addition and subtraction problems at the speed of a person equipped with a hand calculator. The abacus is often wrongly attributed to China. In fact, the oldest surviving abacus was used in 300 B. C. by the Babylonians. The abacus is still in use today, principally in the far east. A modern abacus consists of rings that slide over rods, but the older one pictured below dates from the time when pebbles were used for counting (the word calculus comes from the Latin word for pebble). In 1617 an eccentric Scotsman named John Napier invented logarithms, which are a technology that allows multiplication to be performed via addition. The magic ingredient is the logarithm of each operand, which was originally obtained from a printed table. We will write a custom essay sample on History of Computers or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page But Napier also invented an alternative to tables, where the logarithm values were carved on ivory sticks which are now called Napiers Bones. In 1642 Blaise Pascal, at age 19, invented the Pascaline as an aid for his father who was a tax collector. Pascal built 50 of this gear-driven one-function calculator but couldnt sell many because of their exorbitant cost and because they really werent that accurate. Up until the present age when car dashboards went digital, the odometer portion of a cars speedometer used the very same mechanism as the Pascaline to increment the next wheel after each full revolution of the prior wheel. Pascal was a child prodigy. At the age of 12, he was discovered doing his version of Euclids thirty-second proposition on the kitchen floor. Pascal went on to invent probability theory, the hydraulic press, and the syringe. Shown below is an 8 digit version of the Pascaline. Just a few years after Pascal, the German Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz managed to build a four calculator that he called the stepped reckoner because, instead of gears, it employed fluted drums having ten flutes arranged around their circumference in a stair-step fashion. Although the stepped reckoner employed the decimal number system, Leibniz was the first to advocate use of the binary number system which is fundamental to the operation of modern computers. Leibniz is considered one of the greatest of the philosophers but he died poor and alone. In 1801 the Frenchman Joseph Marie Jacquard invented a power loom that could base its weave (and hence the design on the fabric) upon a pattern automatically read from punched wooden cards, held together in a long row by rope. Descendents of these punched cards have been in use ever since. By 1822 the English mathematician Charles Babbage was proposing a steam driven calculating machine the size of a room, which he called the Difference Engine. This machine would be able to compute tables of numbers, such as logarithm tables. Holleriths invention, known as the Hollerith desk, consisted of a card reader which sensed the holes in the cards, a gear driven mechanism which could count, and a large wall of dial indicators to display the results of the count. Hollerith built a company, the Tabulating Machine Company which, after a few buyouts, eventually became International Business Machines, known today as IBM. IBM grew rapidly and punched cards became ubiquitous. Your gas bill would arrive each month with a punch card you had to return with your payment.